1. According to the Palermo Protocol (2000), child trafficking includes which of the following?
Recruitment of a child for exploitation
Transfer or harbouring of a child
Receipt of a child for adoption
Exploitation through coercion
Select the correct answer using the code below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The Palermo Protocol defines trafficking as recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for exploitation. Adoption per se is not included unless exploitative.
2. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, child trafficking is defined under which section?
(a) Section 98
(b) Section 99
(c) Section 143
(d) Section 124
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Section 143 of the BNS, 2023 provides a comprehensive definition of trafficking, including coercion, fraud, abuse of power, and inducement.
3. Which constitutional provision explicitly prohibits trafficking and begar in India?
(a) Article 21
(b) Article 23
(c) Article 24
(d) Article 39
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings, forced labour, and begar as a Fundamental Right.
4. The data on children rescued from trafficking and child labour (2024–25) was compiled by:
(a) NCRB
(b) NCPCR
(c) C-LAB
(d) UNICEF India
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Centre for Legal Action and Behaviour Change (C-LAB) compiled the data under India Child Protection.
5. Which of the following Supreme Court cases issued directions against child labour in hazardous industries?
(a) Vishal Jeet vs Union of India
(b) Bachpan Bachao Andolan vs Union of India
(c) M. C. Mehta vs State of Tamil Nadu
(d) K. P. Kiran Kumar vs State
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The 1996 M. C. Mehta case laid down guidelines against child labour in hazardous industries.
6. The Arbitration Council of India (ACI) was proposed based on the recommendations of:
(a) Law Commission of India
(b) B. N. Srikrishna Committee
(c) Malimath Committee
(d) Nariman Committee
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The 2017 B. N. Srikrishna Committee recommended institutional reforms, leading to the 2019 amendment.
7. A major concern regarding the Arbitration Council of India is:
(a) Excessive judicial control
(b) Lack of legislative backing
(c) Heavy executive influence
(d) Absence of foreign arbitrators
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Government dominance in grading institutions and accrediting arbitrators raises concerns about neutrality.
8. Which global arbitration hubs were cited as benchmarks but follow a different institutional model?
(a) Paris and Geneva
(b) Singapore and Hong Kong
(c) London and New York
(d) Dubai and Doha
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Singapore and Hong Kong rely on strong arbitral institutions, not a regulator-heavy model like ACI.
9. Under current GNA rules, grid connectivity can be obtained using:
Letters of Award (LoA)
Partial land proof
Bank guarantees
Select the correct answer:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Existing rules allow early connectivity even before signing PPAs.
10. The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) proposed linking ISTS connectivity to:
(a) Financial closure
(b) Environmental clearance
(c) Signed PPAs
(d) State approvals
Answer: (c)
Explanation: CERC proposed granting connectivity only after signing Power Purchase Agreements.
11. The primary reason cited for revising grid access rules is:
(a) Rising tariffs
(b) Idle transmission capacity
(c) Delay in land acquisition
(d) International climate pressure
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Around 31.8 GW capacity has connectivity but no PPAs, causing inefficiency.
12. India achieved 50% of its installed electricity capacity from non-fossil sources in:
(a) 2023
(b) 2024
(c) 2025
(d) 2030
Answer: (c)
Explanation: India achieved this milestone in June 2025, five years ahead of target.
13. Space-based datacentres are proposed primarily to address:
(a) Data sovereignty
(b) Cybersecurity threats
(c) Rising AI energy demand
(d) Internet latency
Answer: (c)
Explanation: AI training requires enormous electricity, stressing Earth-based grids.
14. Which of the following is a key engineering challenge for orbital datacentres?
(a) Signal encryption
(b) Radiation exposure
(c) Orbital debris tracking
(d) Data compression
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Cosmic radiation can degrade chips and affect long-term reliability.
15. India’s interest in orbital datacentres aligns with which institution’s exploration?
(a) DRDO
(b) BARC
(c) ISRO
(d) NIC
Answer: (c)
Explanation: ISRO is exploring such technologies for strategic and commercial use.
16. The Supreme Court invoked which Article to issue binding directions on student suicides?
(a) Article 136
(b) Article 141
(c) Article 142
(d) Article 144
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 142 allows the Supreme Court to pass orders to do complete justice.
17. Nearly what proportion of public universities face faculty shortages?
(a) 25%
(b) 30%
(c) 40%
(d) 50%
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Many public universities face nearly 50% faculty vacancies.
18. The Irrawaddy dolphin is best described as:
(a) Marine only
(b) Freshwater only
(c) Euryhaline
(d) Estuarine only
Answer: (c)
Explanation: It can survive in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater.
19. The Sammakka-Saralamma Jatara is held:
(a) Every year
(b) Once in five years
(c) Once every two years
(d) Once in ten years
Answer: (c)
Explanation: It is a biennial tribal festival held at Medaram, Telangana.
20. Sammakka-Saralamma Jatara symbolises:
(a) Agrarian fertility
(b) Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis
(c) Tribal resistance and identity
(d) Bhakti movement legacy
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The festival commemorates resistance against Kakatiya rulers and celebrates tribal identity.