Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Stage 3 is an emergency pollution-control framework used in Delhi-NCR when air quality reaches the Severe category (AQI 401–450) or is forecast to deteriorate to that level. It introduces stronger restrictions on vehicles, construction and other pollution-generating activities to prevent further deterioration.
What is GRAP 3?
GRAP is a graded, four-stage mechanism under which pollution-control measures become progressively stricter as air quality worsens. The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) is responsible for reviewing pollution conditions and coordinating implementation across Delhi-NCR.
Stage 3 targets major sources such as vehicular emissions, construction dust and industrial pollution. Importantly, CAQM can activate measures based on pollution forecasts and meteorological conditions, rather than waiting for the AQI to cross 400.
GRAP 3 Restrictions
Key measures under Stage 3 include:
- Construction restrictions: Non-essential dust-generating construction and demolition activities may be suspended, while essential projects can continue subject to prescribed safeguards.
- Vehicle controls: Restrictions apply to specified older petrol and diesel vehicles, including BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel four-wheelers in Delhi and designated NCR areas.
- Goods vehicles: Additional restrictions may apply to certain older goods vehicles entering Delhi.
- Schools: Authorities may shift classes up to Class 5 to hybrid learning where directed.
- Dust and industrial control: Stone crushers, mining and other highly polluting activities face tighter restrictions.
- Public transport: Metro and bus services may be strengthened to encourage cleaner mobility.
- Earlier measures continue: Restrictions introduced under GRAP Stages 1 and 2, including road sweeping, water sprinkling and controls on waste burning, remain applicable.
GRAP Stages and AQI
- Stage 1 – Poor: AQI 201–300
- Stage 2 – Very Poor: AQI 301–400
- Stage 3 – Severe: AQI 401–450
- Stage 4 – Severe+: AQI above 450
A single monitoring station crossing a particular threshold does not automatically activate a citywide GRAP stage; CAQM considers the broader regional situation.
Role of CAQM
CAQM monitors pollution data, weather forecasts and emission trends with inputs from agencies such as the CPCB, IMD and IITM. Its GRAP sub-committee decides when restrictions should be imposed, strengthened or withdrawn and coordinates implementation with Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Significance of GRAP 3
GRAP Stage 3 seeks to reduce PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen oxides and dust emissions, while limiting public exposure during severe pollution episodes. It also encourages public transport and regional cooperation.
However, GRAP remains an emergency response mechanism. Long-term improvement requires cleaner mobility, effective waste management, industrial emission control, dust reduction and better urban planning.
FAQs - GRAP Stage 3
What is GRAP Stage 3?
GRAP Stage 3 is an emergency pollution-control stage for Delhi-NCR associated with Severe air quality, corresponding to AQI 401–450.
What restrictions does GRAP Stage 3 include?
The article lists restrictions on non-essential construction, specified older vehicles and polluting activities, alongside stronger dust-control measures and public transport services.
Who decides when GRAP Stage 3 is imposed?
The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) decides when to activate or withdraw measures based on pollution data, forecasts and meteorological conditions.
Are schools closed under GRAP Stage 3?
According to the article, authorities may direct schools to conduct classes up to Class 5 in hybrid mode. This does not necessarily mean complete school closure.
Can GRAP Stage 3 be activated before AQI crosses 400?
Yes. The article explains that CAQM can introduce measures in advance when forecasts indicate that air quality is likely to reach the Severe category.
